Civil Liberties
3 lawsFirearms Control
Currently: Licensed ownership with background checks
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
National Identity Cards
Currently: Voluntary ID card
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Right to Protest
Currently: Permitted but regulated (noise/disruption limits)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Defense
6 lawsArms Exports
Currently: Licensed exports with end-use checks
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Autonomous Weapons Systems
Currently: Permitted with mandatory human control
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Military Service Policy
Currently: Abolish the military entirely; pacifist state
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Nuclear Weapons
Currently: Maintain a minimal deterrent
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Veterans' Affairs
Currently: Dedicated veterans' services
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Women in the Armed Forces
Currently: Equal Participation — women serve alongside men on equal terms
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Drugs
7 lawsAlcohol Regulation
Currently: Strict regulation (age 21; high excise; retail 10:00–20:00; public drinking banned)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Depressants Policy
Currently: Full prohibition; possession criminalised, prison for repeat offences
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Drug Treatment & Harm Reduction
Currently: Abstinence-based treatment programmes
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Marijuana Policy
Currently: Medical-only (prescription/caregiver card; licensed dispensaries)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Psychedelics Policy
Currently: Full prohibition; possession criminalised, prison for repeat offences
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Stimulants Policy
Currently: Full prohibition; possession criminalised, prison for repeat offences
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Tobacco & Vaping Regulation
Currently: Heavy restrictions (plain packaging; indoor ban; age 21; advertising banned)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Economy
25 lawsAgricultural Market Regime
Currently: Open agricultural trade; intervention only in emergencies
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Legislative History
Banking & Financial Regulation
Currently: Light-touch regulation
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Legislative History
Bankruptcy & Insolvency
Currently: Court-supervised repayment plans, discharge after several years
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Child Labour Law
Currently: No employment of any kind until age 18
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Legislative History
Competition & Monopolies
Currently: Active competition enforcement
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Consumer Protection
Currently: Statutory refund/replace for faulty goods within a set period; basic safety standards
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Foreign Investment & Takeovers
Currently: Screening of sensitive sectors on national-security grounds
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Foreign Land Ownership
Currently: No restrictions on foreign land purchases
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Legislative History
Gig Economy & Platform Workers
Currently: Basic protections (minimum pay, accident insurance) for gig workers
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Maximum Working Hours
Currently: 35-hour weekly maximum
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Minimum Wage Policy
Currently: Maximum wage cap (no one may earn more than 10x the lowest-paid worker)
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Legislative History
Online Retail & Marketplaces
Currently: Marketplaces liable for illegal or unsafe third-party goods; standard returns rights
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Paid Annual Leave
Currently: ~4 weeks statutory paid leave
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Paid Sick Leave
Currently: Employers must pay statutory sick pay
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Legislative History
Price-Gouging Regulation
Currently: Temporary price caps on essentials in declared emergencies
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Public Ownership of Key Industries
Currently: Privatise and lightly regulate
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Legislative History
Public Procurement Rules
Currently: Open competitive tendering on value for money
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Retail Planning & Licensing
Currently: Presumption in favour of new stores; no size limits
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Legislative History
Right to Disconnect
Currently: No specific right; contracts decide
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Right to Strike
Currently: Protected with a lawful ballot
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Severance & Redundancy Pay
Currently: Statutory severance for long-serving staff
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Trade Union Rights
Currently: Full collective bargaining and strike rights
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Legislative History
Worker Representation on Company Boards
Currently: No requirement; boards are the shareholders' business
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Workplace Safety
Currently: Statutory safety standards enforced by a labour inspectorate
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Legislative History
Zero-Hour & On-Call Contracts
Currently: Permitted with minimum notice and pay for cancelled shifts
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Education
10 lawsHomeschooling Regulation
Currently: Homeschooling allowed with curriculum standards, testing, and inspections
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Mobile Phones in Schools
Currently: Restricted to break times
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
National Anthem in Schools
Currently: Weekly assembly anthem (participation optional)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Personal, Health & Relationships Education
Currently: Mandatory with parental opt-out
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Religious Education in Schools
Currently: Optional religious classes
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
School Leaving Age
Currently: Compulsory education/training to 18
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Legislative History
School Selection
Currently: Comprehensive, no selection
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
State-Funded Faith Schools
Currently: Permit existing state-funded faith schools
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
University Tuition
Currently: Tuition fees
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Legislative History
Vocational & Technical Education
Currently: Employer-led apprenticeships alongside the academic route
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Environment
13 lawsAgricultural Environmental Standards
Currently: Voluntary stewardship schemes
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Legislative History
Animal Welfare Standards
Currently: Regulated farming standards and anti-cruelty laws
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Carbon Pricing
Currently: No carbon price
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Legislative History
Fossil Fuel Extraction
Currently: Licensed extraction with limits
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Legislative History
Hunting & Field Sports
Currently: Licensed, regulated hunting
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Industrial Pollution & Water
Currently: Basic emission and discharge limits
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Land Conservation & Rewilding
Currently: Prioritise development over protection
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Legislative History
Nuclear Power
Currently: Major nuclear build-out
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Legislative History
Renewable Energy Mandates
Currently: Balanced energy mix
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Single-Use Plastics
Currently: Phased restrictions and charges
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Vehicle Emissions Standards
Currently: Emissions limits with gradual phase-in for new vehicles
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Waste Management
Currently: Licensed landfill and incineration with basic recycling targets
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Water Usage & Allocation
Currently: Abstraction licences for large users
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Family
5 lawsAdoption & Fostering
Currently: Married couples and single parents
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Child Protection Services
Currently: Risk-based social-work intervention with court oversight
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Childcare Provision
Currently: Means-tested subsidised childcare
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Divorce Law
Currently: No-fault divorce, standard process
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Parental Leave Policy
Currently: Shared, non-transferable parental leave (use-it-or-lose-it for each parent)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Gender
3 lawsBody Coverings for Women in Public
Currently: Individual discretion
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Equal Pay
Currently: Equal pay for equal work; enforced through individual claims
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Legislative History
Women & Driving
Currently: Both men and women may drive
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Governance
8 lawsAnti-Corruption Commission
Currently: Commission appointed and directed by ministers
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Data Privacy & Digital Rights
Currently: Basic data protection (consent required; breach notification; opt-out rights)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Emergency Preparedness
Currently: National framework with regional response teams
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Government Transparency
Currently: Freedom-of-information system with security exemptions
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Internet Freedom
Currently: Moderate regulation (illegal content removed; platforms must verify age; data rules enforced)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Lobbying & Political Donations
Currently: Disclosure rules, few limits
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Official Language Policy
Currently: Single official language for all official documents and courts
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Whistleblower Protection
Currently: Protection from dismissal and retaliation for reports to regulators
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Health
12 lawsAssisted Dying Policy
Currently: Permitted for terminal illness with less than 6 months to live
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Clinical Trials & Drug Approval
Currently: Standard phased trials and regulator approval
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Drug Patents & Generics
Currently: Standard patent term; generics on expiry and pharmacist substitution allowed
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Legislative History
Food Safety Regulation
Currently: Regular risk-based inspection and mandatory recalls
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Healthcare System Model
Currently: Public system with private top-ups
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Healthcare for Non-Citizens
Currently: Emergency treatment only, billed afterwards
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Mental Health Provision
Currently: Expanded but not guaranteed access
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Legislative History
Organ Donation
Currently: Explicit opt-in register
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Prescription Drug Pricing
Currently: Voluntary pricing agreements with industry
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Legislative History
Public Health & Nutrition
Currently: Labelling and ad limits for children
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Vaccination Policy
Currently: Strongly recommended, not compelled
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
What Public Healthcare Covers
Currently: Core medical care; dental and optical private
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Immigration
6 lawsAsylum & Refugees
Currently: Meet international obligations only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Citizenship Requirements
Currently: Citizenship by birth; naturalisation after 2 years' residency
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Legislative History
Deportation
Currently: Case-by-case with full appeal rights
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Immigration Quota Policy
Currently: No quotas, open immigration
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Legislative History
Integration Requirements
Currently: Light-touch, support-based integration
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Legislative History
Tourist Visa Policy
Currently: Visa for most nationalities through a standard e-visa process
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Infrastructure
7 lawsBroadband & Digital Access
Currently: Universal service obligation; every home entitled to a connection
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Legislative History
Eviction Protection
Currently: Notice periods and a court order required; no-fault eviction allowed
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Housing Supply & Planning
Currently: Market-led, deregulated planning
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Legislative History
Public Transport Policy
Currently: Mixed transport with subsidized public transit
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Rent Control
Currently: No controls; market sets rents
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Legislative History
Social Housing
Currently: Small stock for the most vulnerable; right-to-buy for tenants
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Legislative History
Water Supply Ownership
Currently: Private water companies under a price regulator
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Justice
9 lawsAge of Criminal Responsibility
Currently: From age 12
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Bail & Pre-Trial Detention
Currently: Risk assessment decides release
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Capital Punishment
Currently: No death penalty
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Corporal Punishment
Currently: Corporal punishment banned in justice system and schools
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Plea Bargaining
Currently: Regulated: sentence discount capped, judge must approve
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Prison & Sentencing Philosophy
Currently: Balanced punishment and rehabilitation
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Repeat Offender Sentencing
Currently: Judges set sentences case-by-case
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
State Surveillance Powers
Currently: Targeted surveillance (court order required; independent oversight commissioner)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Victims' Rights
Currently: Right to be informed and to make an impact statement
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Law And Order
6 lawsArmed Police
Currently: Mostly unarmed; specialist armed units on call
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Police Accountability
Currently: Internal investigations with a right of appeal to an ombudsman
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Police Body Cameras
Currently: Recording required during arrests and stops
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Police Powers
Currently: Community policing focused on prevention
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Police Search & Seizure
Currently: Reasonable suspicion required; warrant needed for homes and devices
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Youth Curfew Policy
Currently: No youth curfew (standard public order laws only)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Media
6 lawsMedia Censorship Policy
Currently: Targeted regulation (post-publication fines for incitement/defamation; independent regulator)
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Online Safety & Social Media
Currently: Targeted child-safety duties
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Press Regulation
Currently: State-recognised self-regulation
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Legislative History
Public Broadcasting Funding
Currently: Limited public broadcaster (news/education remit; funded by small household levy)
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Legislative History
Streaming & Content Regulation
Currently: Open entry with light local-content quotas
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Legislative History
Video Game Regulation
Currently: Mandatory age ratings enforced at sale
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Legislative History
Religion
4 lawsBlasphemy Law
Currently: No blasphemy law
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Religious Observation Policy
Currently: Permit religion with no state support (neutral tax treatment; no grants)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Religious Symbols in Public Institutions
Currently: Officials neutral; citizens free
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Shop Trading Hours
Currently: Limited Sunday opening hours
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Social
4 lawsAdult Content
Currently: Legal with strict age verification
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Fireworks
Currently: Licensed sale, seasonal limits
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Gambling Regulation
Currently: State-licensed casinos and lottery only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Sex Work
Currently: Legal, licensed and regulated
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Technology
3 lawsAI Development & Safety
Currently: Light-touch, pro-innovation
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Legislative History
AI Surveillance & Predictive Policing
Currently: Regulated, warrant-based, targeted use
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Automation & the Workforce
Currently: Actively incentivise automation
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Legislative History
Transport
5 lawsDrink & Drug Driving
Currently: Standard legal alcohol limit; roadside drug testing
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Driver Licensing & Testing
Currently: Standard test with a probationary period for new drivers
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Seatbelts & Helmets
Currently: Seatbelts and motorcycle helmets compulsory
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Speed Limits
Currently: Standard limits, lower in towns and near schools
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Traffic Enforcement
Currently: Fixed cameras and a points system leading to disqualification
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Welfare
6 lawsAccessibility Standards
Currently: Required in new public buildings only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Disability Support
Currently: Means-tested disability benefits after a medical assessment
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Homelessness
Currently: Shelters and support services
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Retirement Age Policy
Currently: Retirement at 65
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Legislative History
Social Care for the Elderly
Currently: Capped lifetime care costs
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Welfare Conditionality
Currently: Mandatory work-for-benefits
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Legislative History
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