Civil Liberties
3 lawsFirearms Control
Currently: Strict licensing, limited categories
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Legislative History
National Identity Cards
Currently: Mandatory biometric ID + central register
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Right to Protest
Currently: Unrestricted right to assemble
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Legislative History
Defense
6 lawsArms Exports
Currently: Sell arms with minimal restriction
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Legislative History
Autonomous Weapons Systems
Currently: Permitted with mandatory human control
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Military Service Policy
Currently: Volunteer professional army
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Nuclear Weapons
Currently: Maintain a minimal deterrent
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Veterans' Affairs
Currently: Dedicated veterans' services
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Women in the Armed Forces
Currently: Equal Participation — women serve alongside men on equal terms
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Legislative History
Drugs
7 lawsAlcohol Regulation
Currently: Liberal policy (age 18; moderate tax; late opening permitted; public zones allowed)
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Depressants Policy
Currently: Legal, licensed, regulated retail
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Legislative History
Drug Treatment & Harm Reduction
Currently: Publicly funded treatment on demand
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Legislative History
Marijuana Policy
Currently: Legalization (age 21; licensed retail; THC tax; roadside impairment tests)
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Legislative History
Psychedelics Policy
Currently: Legal for medical / supervised use only
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Legislative History
Stimulants Policy
Currently: Legal for medical / supervised use only
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Legislative History
Tobacco & Vaping Regulation
Currently: Heavy restrictions (plain packaging; indoor ban; age 21; advertising banned)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Economy
25 lawsAgricultural Market Regime
Currently: Open agricultural trade; intervention only in emergencies
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Legislative History
Banking & Financial Regulation
Currently: Deregulated financial centre
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Legislative History
Bankruptcy & Insolvency
Currently: Court-supervised repayment plans, discharge after several years
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Child Labour Law
Currently: Employment permitted from age 16 with restrictions; no work under 16
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Legislative History
Competition & Monopolies
Currently: Permissive on mergers and scale
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Legislative History
Consumer Protection
Currently: Multi-year warranties, no-quibble refunds for faulty goods, enforced safety standards
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Legislative History
Foreign Investment & Takeovers
Currently: Screening of sensitive sectors on national-security grounds
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Foreign Land Ownership
Currently: Foreign purchases require government approval
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Gig Economy & Platform Workers
Currently: Basic protections (minimum pay, accident insurance) for gig workers
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Maximum Working Hours
Currently: 48-hour weekly maximum
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Minimum Wage Policy
Currently: Basic minimum wage
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Online Retail & Marketplaces
Currently: Marketplaces liable for illegal or unsafe third-party goods; standard returns rights
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Paid Annual Leave
Currently: ~4 weeks statutory paid leave
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Paid Sick Leave
Currently: Employers must pay statutory sick pay
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Price-Gouging Regulation
Currently: Temporary price caps on essentials in declared emergencies
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Public Ownership of Key Industries
Currently: Private, with strong regulation
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Public Procurement Rules
Currently: Open competitive tendering on value for money
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Retail Planning & Licensing
Currently: Planning permission required for large stores; otherwise open
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Right to Disconnect
Currently: No specific right; contracts decide
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Right to Strike
Currently: Protected with a lawful ballot
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Severance & Redundancy Pay
Currently: Statutory severance for long-serving staff
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Trade Union Rights
Currently: Full collective bargaining and strike rights
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Worker Representation on Company Boards
Currently: No requirement; boards are the shareholders' business
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Workplace Safety
Currently: Statutory safety standards enforced by a labour inspectorate
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Zero-Hour & On-Call Contracts
Currently: Permitted with minimum notice and pay for cancelled shifts
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Education
10 lawsHomeschooling Regulation
Currently: Homeschooling allowed with curriculum standards, testing, and inspections
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Mobile Phones in Schools
Currently: Restricted to break times
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Legislative History
National Anthem in Schools
Currently: Weekly assembly anthem (participation optional)
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Legislative History
Personal, Health & Relationships Education
Currently: Mandatory with parental opt-out
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Religious Education in Schools
Currently: Optional religious classes
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
School Leaving Age
Currently: Compulsory to 16
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Legislative History
School Selection
Currently: Comprehensive, no selection
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Legislative History
State-Funded Faith Schools
Currently: Permit existing state-funded faith schools
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
University Tuition
Currently: Tuition fees
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Vocational & Technical Education
Currently: Employer-led apprenticeships alongside the academic route
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Environment
13 lawsAgricultural Environmental Standards
Currently: Baseline standards for pesticides, fertiliser and animal density
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Animal Welfare Standards
Currently: Regulated farming standards and anti-cruelty laws
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Carbon Pricing
Currently: Low carbon price on heavy industry only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Fossil Fuel Extraction
Currently: Managed wind-down
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Hunting & Field Sports
Currently: Licensed, regulated hunting
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Industrial Pollution & Water
Currently: Basic emission and discharge limits
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Land Conservation & Rewilding
Currently: Balanced land use
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Nuclear Power
Currently: Maintain existing nuclear only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Renewable Energy Mandates
Currently: Balanced energy mix
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Single-Use Plastics
Currently: Phased restrictions and charges
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Vehicle Emissions Standards
Currently: Emissions limits with gradual phase-in for new vehicles
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Waste Management
Currently: Licensed landfill and incineration with basic recycling targets
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Water Usage & Allocation
Currently: Abstraction licences for large users
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Family
5 lawsAdoption & Fostering
Currently: Married couples and single parents
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Legislative History
Child Protection Services
Currently: Risk-based social-work intervention with court oversight
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Childcare Provision
Currently: Means-tested subsidised childcare
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Divorce Law
Currently: No-fault divorce, standard process
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Legislative History
Parental Leave Policy
Currently: Shared, non-transferable parental leave (use-it-or-lose-it for each parent)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Gender
3 lawsBody Coverings for Women in Public
Currently: Individual discretion
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Equal Pay
Currently: Equal pay for equal work; enforced through individual claims
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Women & Driving
Currently: Both men and women may drive
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Governance
8 lawsAnti-Corruption Commission
Currently: Independent commission with its own prosecutors and asset-seizure powers
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Legislative History
Data Privacy & Digital Rights
Currently: Basic data protection (consent required; breach notification; opt-out rights)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Emergency Preparedness
Currently: National framework with regional response teams
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Government Transparency
Currently: Open by default; contracts, meetings and expenses all published
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Legislative History
Internet Freedom
Currently: Light-touch regulation (net neutrality; limited takedown orders for serious crime only)
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Legislative History
Lobbying & Political Donations
Currently: Strict caps and a public lobbying register
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Legislative History
Official Language Policy
Currently: Single official language for all official documents and courts
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Whistleblower Protection
Currently: Protection from dismissal and retaliation for reports to regulators
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Health
12 lawsAssisted Dying Policy
Currently: Permitted for terminal illness with less than 6 months to live
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Clinical Trials & Drug Approval
Currently: Standard phased trials and regulator approval
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Drug Patents & Generics
Currently: Standard patent term; generics on expiry and pharmacist substitution allowed
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Food Safety Regulation
Currently: Strict standards, unannounced inspections and published hygiene ratings
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Legislative History
Healthcare System Model
Currently: Public system with private top-ups
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Healthcare for Non-Citizens
Currently: Emergency treatment only, billed afterwards
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Mental Health Provision
Currently: Legal right to timely mental-health care
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Legislative History
Organ Donation
Currently: Explicit opt-in register
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Prescription Drug Pricing
Currently: Voluntary pricing agreements with industry
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Public Health & Nutrition
Currently: Public information campaigns only
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Legislative History
Vaccination Policy
Currently: Mandatory with medical/conscience exemptions
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Legislative History
What Public Healthcare Covers
Currently: Universal cover including dental and optical
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Legislative History
Immigration
6 lawsAsylum & Refugees
Currently: Meet international obligations only
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Legislative History
Citizenship Requirements
Currently: Citizenship by birth on national soil and naturalisation after 5 years' residency
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Legislative History
Deportation
Currently: Case-by-case with full appeal rights
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Legislative History
Immigration Quota Policy
Currently: Annual quotas with caps
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Legislative History
Integration Requirements
Currently: Standard language/civics requirements
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Legislative History
Tourist Visa Policy
Currently: Visa for most nationalities through a standard e-visa process
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Infrastructure
7 lawsBroadband & Digital Access
Currently: Subsidies for rural and hard-to-reach areas
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Eviction Protection
Currently: Notice periods and a court order required; no-fault eviction allowed
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Housing Supply & Planning
Currently: Balanced planning system
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Public Transport Policy
Currently: Mixed transport with subsidized public transit
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Rent Control
Currently: Hard caps on rents
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Legislative History
Social Housing
Currently: Small stock for the most vulnerable; right-to-buy for tenants
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Water Supply Ownership
Currently: Private water companies under a price regulator
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Justice
9 lawsAge of Criminal Responsibility
Currently: From age 12
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Legislative History
Bail & Pre-Trial Detention
Currently: Risk assessment decides release
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Capital Punishment
Currently: No death penalty
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Corporal Punishment
Currently: Corporal punishment banned in justice system and schools
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Plea Bargaining
Currently: Regulated: sentence discount capped, judge must approve
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Prison & Sentencing Philosophy
Currently: Balanced punishment and rehabilitation
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Repeat Offender Sentencing
Currently: Judges set sentences case-by-case
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
State Surveillance Powers
Currently: Targeted surveillance (court order required; independent oversight commissioner)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Victims' Rights
Currently: Right to be informed and to make an impact statement
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Law And Order
6 lawsArmed Police
Currently: All frontline officers routinely armed
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Legislative History
Police Accountability
Currently: Internal investigations with a right of appeal to an ombudsman
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Police Body Cameras
Currently: Recording required during arrests and stops
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Police Powers
Currently: Community policing focused on prevention
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Police Search & Seizure
Currently: Reasonable suspicion required; warrant needed for homes and devices
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Youth Curfew Policy
Currently: No youth curfew (standard public order laws only)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Media
6 lawsMedia Censorship Policy
Currently: Targeted regulation (post-publication fines for incitement/defamation; independent regulator)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Online Safety & Social Media
Currently: Targeted child-safety duties
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Press Regulation
Currently: No press regulation at all
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Legislative History
Public Broadcasting Funding
Currently: Limited public broadcaster (news/education remit; funded by small household levy)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Streaming & Content Regulation
Currently: Open entry with light local-content quotas
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Video Game Regulation
Currently: Mandatory age ratings enforced at sale
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Religion
4 lawsBlasphemy Law
Currently: Explicit legal right to criticise religion
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Legislative History
Religious Observation Policy
Currently: Permit religion with no state support (neutral tax treatment; no grants)
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Religious Symbols in Public Institutions
Currently: Officials neutral; citizens free
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Shop Trading Hours
Currently: Limited Sunday opening hours
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Social
4 lawsAdult Content
Currently: Legal with strict age verification
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Fireworks
Currently: Licensed sale, seasonal limits
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Gambling Regulation
Currently: State-licensed casinos and lottery only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Sex Work
Currently: Legal, licensed and regulated
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Technology
3 lawsAI Development & Safety
Currently: No restrictions; accelerate AI
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Legislative History
AI Surveillance & Predictive Policing
Currently: Regulated, warrant-based, targeted use
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Automation & the Workforce
Currently: Market-led automation
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Transport
5 lawsDrink & Drug Driving
Currently: Standard legal alcohol limit; roadside drug testing
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Driver Licensing & Testing
Currently: Standard test with a probationary period for new drivers
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Seatbelts & Helmets
Currently: Seatbelts and motorcycle helmets compulsory
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Speed Limits
Currently: Standard limits, lower in towns and near schools
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Traffic Enforcement
Currently: Fixed cameras and a points system leading to disqualification
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Welfare
6 lawsAccessibility Standards
Currently: Required in new public buildings only
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Disability Support
Currently: Means-tested disability benefits after a medical assessment
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Homelessness
Currently: Shelters and support services
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Retirement Age Policy
Currently: Retirement at 60
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Social Care for the Elderly
Currently: Capped lifetime care costs
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Legislative History
This law has been in place since the beginning of recorded history.
Welfare Conditionality
Currently: Unconditional benefits
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